Prof.Reidy
Herrera Dpto.Socio-Humanístico/ Sección de inglés
READING # 4 / UNIT: 4 / Process
Managementplays a vital role in any business or organized activity. Management
is composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization
at all levels. Their duties include making sure company goals are
met and seeing that the business operates efficiently. Regarless of
the specific job, most managers perform four basic functions. These
management functions are planning,
organizing, directing and controlling.
Planning
involves
determining overall company objectives and deciding how goals can be
best achieved. Managers evaluate alternative plans before choosing a
specific course of action and then check to see the chosen plan fits
into the objectives stablished at higher organizational levels.
Accounting
frecuently offers
the qualified person an opportunity to move ahead quickly in today's
business world. Endeed, many of the heads
of large corporations throughout the world have advanced to their
positions from the accounting
department.
In industry, management, government and business accountants
generally start near the top rather
than
near the bottom of the organization
chart.
Management relies
on
the experts knowledge and expirience of accountants to
cope
the increasingly complex problem of taxes and cash flow.
The
term market
and marketing can
have several meanings depending upon how they are used. The term
stock marketrefers
tothe
buying and selling of shares
in corporations as well as others activities related to stock trading
and pricing. The
important world stock markets are in London,
Geneva,
New York, Tokyo,
and Singapore.
Another type of market is a grocery market,
which is a place where people puchase food. When economists use the
word market they mean a set of forces or conditions that determine
the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the
demand for it by
consumers. The term marketing in business include all of these
meanings, and more.
In
the past, the concept of marketing emphasizedsales.
The producer or manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell.
Marketing was the task of figuringout
how
to sell the product. Basically,
selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which
included advertising and personal selling. In addition to sales
promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the
product to the place where it was actually sold. Distribution
consisted
of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing,
standardization and granding, and the related risk.
The
modern marketing concept encompasses
all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a different set
of principles. It subscribes to the notion that production can be
economically justified only by consumption. In
other words,
goods should be produced only if they can be sold.
Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the
product or what the market for the product is before production
begins. This is very different from making a product and thinking
about how to sell it.
Marketing
now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing
and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the
company. Instead
of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the
desires of consumer, and this is much more difficult since
it
involves human behavior. Production, on
the otherhand,is
mostly an engineering problem. Thus,
demand
and market forces are still an important aspect of modern marketing,
but they are considered prior to the production process.Reading
activities:
1.-
Make skimming, then
look for details such as unknown words, difficult sentence stucture
and so on.
2.-
Try to think about the Author's purpose
in the text.
3.-
Ask yourself some questions related to the topic.
4.-
Answer them.
5.-
Rewrite from the text those words that you think are important in
meaning.
6.-
Give a comment about those terms. (if necessary give an example)
7.-
try to explain in your own words, what the author tried to say to
his readers.
8.-
Go to the following links
to
support your homework:
Management
plays a vital role in any business or organized activity. Management
is composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization
at all levels. Their duties include making sure company goals are
met and seeing that the business operates efficiently. Regarless of
the specific job, most managers perform four basic functions. These
management functions are planning,
organizing, directing and controlling.
